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Othello Pre Reading


Venice is a city located in northeast Italy positioned on a group of 118 small islands that are seperated by canals and linked by bridges. The city is renowned for the beauty of its setting, architecture and artworks and is listed as a World Heritage Site. After the Italian turmoil of the early 16th century, Venice entered a long and gradual period of decline. Losing its political will, Venice found the new role which it enjoyed ever since - as a place of pleasure and delight. The republic that was once so pugnacious maintained a cautious neutrality from the mid-16th century onwards and fought only to defend its Mediterranean possessions from the Turks. Throughout the 16th century, Venice became one of the most important musical centres of Europe and also became the first and biggest trading power in the world, controlling trade across the Mediterranean Sea.

 Is located in the Mediterranean Sea. At the time of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire would have been at its height. Cyprus was eventually part of this Empire in the 16th century. So it would have been important in shipping, it was also an important source of the metal copper. It is 1500 miles by sea from Venice. Cyprus is near Greece, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. It is for that reason that Ottoman troops captured Cyprus in the sixteenth century and it remains divided between the Greek dominated Republic of Cyprus and a Turkish Cypriot North Cyprus.

Moors are medieval muslim who came from North Africa. They lost their land and weren’t ruling. They moved to Europe and were hide there religioius values. In Spain, they forced Moores to either turn to Christianity or leave the country. Moors practice Islam, and are Muslims of North African descent. The Moors were very tolerant of different religions and their beliefs.

Many Elizabethans believed that Christianity was the suprerior religion, so they resisted other religions and disliked foreigners such as Turks. The Turks were considered as outsiders and their Muslim rule was resisted, which created much tension between the Turks and the Elizabethan Christians. Even though Turks were considered as exotic, they were very much disliked and regarded as ‘alien’.

Epilepsy is a neurological condition, having an affect on the nervous system..’Epilepsy syndromes are described by their symptoms which can include, confused memory, involuntary movement of arms and legs, blackouts, episodes of staring, fainting spells with incontinence to name a few. In the times of the Renaissance, people who were epileptic were regarded as intelligent and considered as prophets who, while having an episode, could see the past, present and future. During the Renaissance, Epilepsy was treated a few ways, one was using the secretions from the scent glands of a beaver which was ingested, another was the use of silver nitrate mercury, tin and copper zinc oxide and a third was ingesting the scrapings from a human scull for several months. An episode can be triggered by things such as loud noises, toxic chemicals\alcohol, flashing lights, caffeine and having a lack of sleep

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